Daily Journals for Chapter 4-5 HBio Period 2,3,6

9-17 and 9-18 Journal
1) Define Organic chemistry
2) How is the modern view of organic chemistry different from older views?

9-19 and 9-22 Journal
The following questions refer to the functional groups shown in Figure 4.6.


Figure 4.6

1) Which is a hydroxyl functional group?

2) Which is an amino functional group?

3) Which is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

4) Which is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H+ into a solution?

5) A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?
A) carboxyl
B) sulfhydryl
C) hydroxyl
D) amino
E) phosphate

6) Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?
A) amino
B) carbonyl
C) carboxyl
D) sulfhydryl
E) aldehyde

7) Research suggests that side effects from Ritalin, the drug used to treat attention deficit disorder, may be caused by contamination of enantiomers, or molecules that
A) have identical three-dimensional shapes.
B) are mirror images of one another.
C) lack an asymmetric carbon.
D) differ in the location of their double bonds.
E) differ in their electrical charge.


JOURNAL for 9-23 and 9-24

1. Which set are both structural carbohydrate molecules?
A. starch and glycogen
B. starch and cellulose
C. glycogen and cellulose
D. cellulose and chitin
E. glycogen and chitin

2. Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of plants?
A. starch
B. chitin
C. cellulose
D. glycogen
E. glycerol

3. Observe the structures of glucose and fructose in Figure 5.3 of your book. These two molecules are
A) geometric isotopes.
B) enantiomers.
C) geometric isomers.
D) structural isomers.
E) nonisotopic isomers.

4) What type(s) of bond(s) does carbon have a tendency to form?
A) ionic
B) hydrogen
C) covalent
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C

5) Consider a polysaccharide that has 576 glucose molecules. The total hydrolysis of the polysaccharide would result in the production of (remember what hydrolysis is…don’t get tricked on this question)
A) 575 glucose molecules.
B) 575 water molecules.
C) 576 glucose molecules.
D) A and B only
E) B and C only

9-25 and 9-26 Journals
1. Which of the following lipids forms a bilayer between two watery regions, such as in the plasma membrane of a cell like we discussed?
A. steroids
B. neutral fats
C. waxes
D. phospholipids
2. Cholesterol belongs to which of the following groups?
A. steroids
B. l fats
C. waxes
D. phospholipids
3. Which lipid contains a different backbone/subunit/monomer than the rest?
A. steroids
B. fats
C. waxes
D. phospholipids

9-29 and 9-30 Journal
Figure 5.5

1) The chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 5.5 results in the formation of a (an)
A) ionic bond.
B) peptide bond.
C) glycosidic linkage.
D) ester linkage.
E) phosphodiester linkage.


Figure 5.6

2) At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its component amino acid?

3) Which bond is closest to the N-terminus of the molecule?

4) Which bond is closest to the C-terminus of the molecule?

5) What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?
A) peptide bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) disulfide bonds
D) ionic bonds
E) phosphodiester bonds
6) The tertiary structure of a protein is the
A) bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds.
B) order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain.
C) unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide.
D) organization of a polypeptide chain into an α helix or β pleated sheet.
E) overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits.

10-1 and 10-2 Journal
1. A hydrophilic group is
a. attracted to water
b. a polar and/or ionized group
c. found at the end of fatty acids
d. the opposite of a hydrophobic group
e. all of these are correct

2. Which of these is an example of a hydrolysis reaction
a. amino acid + amino acid à dipeptide + water
b. dipeptide + water à amino acid + amino acid
c. denaturation of a polypeptide
d. both A and B are correct
e. both B and C are correct

Decide if the following descriptions belong to DNA, RNA, both or neither. Choose:
“A” for DNA
“B” for RNA
“C” for both and
“D” for neither…. Read each statement CAREFULLY!

3. Contains the sugar Ribose
4. Single stranded
5. Has guanine hydrogen bond with cytosine
6. Contains a backbone of phosphate and a two hexose sugars
7. Contains the sugar Deoxyribose
8. Stores the genetic code
9. Double Helix
10. Has thymine hydrogen bond with adenine
11. Carries genetic code to ribosomes
12. Contains the following nitrogen containing bases: thymine, uracil, adenine, and guanine

10-3 and 10-6 Journal
1) Figure 5.7 above best illustrates the
A) secondary structure of a polypeptide.
B) tertiary structure of a polypeptide.
C) quaternary structure of a protein.
D) double helix structure of DNA.
E) primary structure of a polysaccharide.

2. Fish sperm consists mostly of the male fish’s DNA. If we tested a sample, we should find relatively high amounts of which type of molecules?
A. nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups.
B. phospholipids and steroids.
C. amino acids and unsaturated fats.
D. triglycerides and ATP.
E. globular proteins and stored fats.

3. Which statement is true about RNA?
A. It contains adenine paired to thymine.
B. One of the bases from DNA is replaced by uracil.
C. It contains the sugar deoxyribose.
D. Its nucleotides contain twice as many phosphate groups as DNA’s nucleotides.
E. It is a double‑stranded molecule.

4. The diversity of organic molecules is due to all of the following EXCEPT
A. carbon needs four electrons to complete its outer shell.
B. carbon can form single and double bonds with itself and other elements.
C. organic molecules always contain covalent bonds.
D. carbon can bond with as many as four other elements.

10-7-08 and 10-8-08 Daily Journal....I will BE CHECKING this one!!!!!

Do questions 1-8 on the front of the WS packet and then 1-10 on the second page of the packet…you will be given 10 minutes and asked to WORK ALONE