Ch 9 Hbio journals!

Here are the Ch 9 journals......sorry for any images that did not transfer!

Start Chapter 9 Respiration Journal
Look in your book and tell me where in the cell the following reactions take place:

glycolysis
citric acid cycle
electron transport chain

for any steps that occur in the mitochondria please state where in the mitochondria





Chapter 9 Journal 2
In the following equation state the following:
C4H6O5 + NAD+ à C4H4O5 + NADH + H+

Pyruvate + NADH + H+ àLactate + NAD+
Oxidizing agent
Reducing agent
Who is oxidized
Who is reduced
Describe cell resp to a third grader and explain the over goal of cellular respiration’s sugar and O2.

Chapter 9 Journal 3

1) The molecule that functions as the reducing agent in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction
A) gains electrons and gains energy.
B) loses electrons and loses energy.
C) gains electrons and loses energy.
D) loses electrons and gains energy.
E) neither gains nor loses electrons, but gains or loses energy.

2) When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens?
A) Energy is released.
B) Energy is consumed.
C) The more electronegative atom is reduced.
D) The more electronegative atom is oxidized.
E) A and C are correct.




3 ) Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed during glycolysis?
A) 0%
B) 2%
C) 10%
D) 38%
E) 100%

4) During glycolysis, when glucose is catabolized to pyruvate, most of the energy of glucose is
A) transferred to ADP, forming ATP.
B) transferred directly to ATP.
C) retained in the pyruvate.
D) stored in the NADH produced.
E) used to phosphorylate fructose to form fructose-6-phosphate.



Do the rest as a class

5) In which step is an inorganic phosphate added to the reactant?

6) In which reaction does an intermediate pathway become oxidized?

7) Which step involves an endergonic reaction?

8) Which step consists of a phosphorylation reaction in which ATP is the phosphate source?







Chapter 9 Journal 4
1) Which of the following statements about NAD+ is false?
A) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH.
C) NAD+ is reduced by the action of dehydrogenases.
D) NAD+ can receive electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation.
E) In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis cannot function.

2) Which of the following statements about glycolysis false?
A) Glycolysis has steps involving oxidation-reduction reactions.
B) The enzymes of glycolysis are located in the cytosol of the cell.
C) Glycolysis can operate in the complete absence of O2.
D) The end products of glycolysis are CO2 and H2O.
E) Glycolysis makes ATP exclusively through substrate-level phosphorylation.

Chapter 9 Journal 5
1. In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2, 2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A. These three steps result in the formation of
A) acetyl CoA, O2, and ATP.
B) acetyl CoA, FADH2, and CO2.
C) acetyl CoA, FAD, H2, and CO2.
D) acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2.
E) acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO2
2. During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location?
l A) cytosol
l B) mitochondrial outer membrane
l C) mitochondrial inner membrane
l D) mitochondrial intermembrane space
l E) mitochondrial matrix

3 How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?
l A) 2
l B) 4
l C) 6
l D) 8
l E) 10
4.All of the following are functions of the citric acid cycle except
l A) production of ATP.
l B) production of NADH.
l C) production of FADH2.
l D) release of carbon dioxide.
l E) adding electrons and protons to oxygen, forming water.

Chapter 9 Journal 6
1) Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following?
A) substrate-level phosphorylation
B) chemiosmotic phosphorylation
C) converting oxygen to ATP
D) transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate
E) generating carbon dioxide

2) Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
A) cytosol
B) mitochondrial outer membrane
C) mitochondrial inner membrane/cristae
D) mitochondrial intermembrane space
E) mitochondrial matrix

3) Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?
A) glycolysis → NADH → oxidative phosphorylation → ATP → oxygen
B) citric acid cycle → FADH2 → electron transport chain → ATP
C) electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → ATP → oxygen
D) pyruvate → citric acid cycle → ATP → NADH → oxygen
E) citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen

4) Starting with one molecule of citrate and ending with oxaloacetate, how many ATP molecules can be formed from oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 11
E) 12
Chapter 9 journal 7

1) Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to ________, and in this step gain ________.
A) lactate; ATP
B) alcohol; CO2
C) alcohol; ATP
D) ATP; NADH2
E) lactate; NAD+








2) An organism is discovered that consumes a considerable amount of sugar, yet does not gain much weight when denied air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as air is removed from the organism's environment, but the organism seems to thrive even in the absence of air. When returned to normal air, the organism does fine. Which of the following best describes the organism?
A) It must use a molecule other than oxygen to accept electrons from the electron transport chain.
B) It is a normal eukaryotic organism.
C) The organism obviously lacks the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain.
D) It is an anaerobic organism.
E) It is a facultative anaerobe.







3) Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?
A) It produces much less ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation.
B) It is found in the cytosol, does not involve oxygen, and is present in most organisms.
C) It is found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells.
D) It relies on chemiosmosis which is a metabolic mechanism present only in the first cells-prokaryotic cells.
E) It requires the presence of membrane-enclosed cell organelles found only in eukaryotic cells.










Chapter 9 Journal 8
1) Why would an organism utilize fermentation if it was wasteful of the energy in food molecules and posed the threat of killing itself with high levels of toxic alcohol?
A. The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction.
B. If glucose levels are not high, there may be time to scatter the alcohol “waste.”
C. Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP since it does not have to go through the full breakdown cycle.
D. All of the above are advantages.
E. None of the above is an advantage; anaerobes only survive where aerobes cannot.





2) The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to
A) yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain.
B) act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water.
C) combine with carbon, forming CO2.
D) combine with lactate, forming pyruvate.
E) catalyze the reactions of glycolysis.

3) Which of these pairs of processes are anaerobic?
A. fermentation and glycolysis
B. fermentation and the Krebs cycle
C. glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
D. the Krebs cycle and the electron transport system
E. glycolysis and the electron transport system