MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question and record your answer on a Scantron Sheet. GOOD LUCK!
1) Which four elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?
A) carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen
B) carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen
C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
E) carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium
2) Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrate animals?
A) nitrogen
B) calcium
C) iodine
D) carbon
E) oxygen
3) Which of the following statements is false?
A) Atoms of the various elements differ in their number of subatomic particles.
B) All atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons in their nuclei.
C) The neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom are almost identical in mass, each has a mass of about 1 dalton.
D) An atom is the smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element.
E) Protons and electrons are electrically charged particles, each has one unit of negative charge.
4) Each element is unique and different from other elements because of its
A) atomic mass.
B) atomic weight.
C) atomic number.
D) mass weight.
E) mass number.
5) The mass number of an element can be easily approximated by adding together the number of _________ in an atom of that element.
A) protons and neutrons
B) energy levels
C) protons and electrons
D) neutrons and electrons
E) isotopes
6) What is the approximate atomic mass of an atom with 16 neutrons, 15 protons and 15 electrons?
A) 15 daltons
B) 16 daltons
C) 30 daltons
D) 31 daltons
E) 46 daltons
7) The nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains 7 neutrons and 7 protons. Which of the following is a correct statement concerning nitrogen?
a.The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 7 daltons and an atomic mass of 14.
b. The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 14 daltons and an atomic mass of 7.
c. The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of 7 grams.
d.The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 7 grams and an atomic number of 14.
e.The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of approximately 14 daltons.
8) Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16. Thus, the atomic mass of an oxygen atom is
a. exactly 8 grams.
b. exactly 8 daltons.
c. approximately 16 grams.
d. approximately 16 daltons.
e. 24 amu (atomic mass units).
9) Calcium has an atomic number of 20 and an atomic mass of 40. Therefore, a calcium atom must have
A) 20 protons.
B) 20 electrons.
C) 40 neutrons.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A. B and C are correct.
10) Different atomic forms of an element containing the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are referred to as?
a. ions
b. isotopes
c. neutronic atoms
d. isomers
e. radioactive atoms
11) How do isotopes of the same element differ from each other?
A) number of protons
B) number of electrons
C) number of neutrons
D) valence electron distribution
E) amount of radioactivity
12) One difference between carbon-12 and carbon-14 (C) is that carbon-14 has
A) 2 more protons than carbon-12.
B) 2 more electrons than carbon-12.
C) 2 more neutrons than carbon-12.
D) A and C are correct.
E) B and C are correct.
13) Two isotopes of the same element will have different numbers of
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. electrons
d. protons and neutrons
e. neutrons and electrons
14) Electrons exist only at fixed levels of potential energy. However, if an atom absorbs sufficient energy, a possible result is that
A) an electron may move to an electron shell farther out from the nucleus.
B) an electron may move to an electron shell closer to the nucleus.
C) the atom may become a radioactive isotope.
D) the atom would become a positively charged ion or cation.
E) the atom would become a negatively charged ion or anion.
15) The atomic number of neon is 10. Therefore, an atom of neon
A) has 8 electrons in its outer electron shell.
B) is inert.
C) has an atomic mass of 10 daltons.
D) only A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.
Figure 2.1
16) Refer to figure 2.1. Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of an atom of neon (Ne) ?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E ) E
17) Refer to figure 2.1. Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of oxygen (O) ?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
18) Refer to figure 2.1. Which drawing is of an atom with the atomic number of 6?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
19) Refer to figure 2.1. Which drawing depicts an atom that is inert or chemically unreactive?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
20) The reactive properties or chemical behavior of an atom depend on the number of
A) valence shells in the atom.
B) orbitals found in the atom.
C) electrons in each orbital of the atom.
D) electrons in the outer valence shell in the atom.
E) hybridized orbitals in the atom.
.
Figure 2.2
21) Refer to Figure 2.2. How many electrons does nitrogen have in its valence shell?
a. 2
b. 5
c. 7
d. 8
e. 14
22) What is the maximum number of electrons in the 1s orbital of an atom?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 8
23) What is the maximum number of electrons in a 2p orbital of an atom?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
24) A covalent chemical bond is one in which
A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged.
B) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms.
C) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells of both atoms.
D) outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the inner electron shells of another atom.
E) inner-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the outer electron shell of another atom.
25) What do atoms form when they share electron pairs?
a. elements
b. ions
c.aggregates
d. isotopes
e. molecules
26) What is the maximum number of covalent bonds an element with atomic number 16 can make with hydrogen, an atomic number of 1?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
27) A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) is formed when one atom of carbon (atomic number 6) is covalently bonded with two atoms of oxygen (atomic number 8). What is the total number of electrons that must be shared between the carbon atom and the oxygen atoms in order to complete the outer electron shell of all three atoms?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
28) When two atoms are equally electronegative, they will interact to form
A) equal numbers of isotopes.
B) ions.
C) polar covalent bonds.
D) nonpolar covalent bonds.
E) ionic bonds.
29) What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms.
A) a nonpolar covalent bond
B) a polar covalent bond
C) an ionic bond
D) a hydrogen bond
E) a hydrophobic interaction
30) A covalent bond is likely to be polar when
A) one of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom.
B) the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative.
C) the two atoms sharing electrons are of the same element.
D) it is between two atoms that are both very strong electron acceptors.
E) the two atoms sharing electrons are different elements.
31) What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?
A) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of protons between atoms, ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
B) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of neutrons between atoms, ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
C) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms and ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms
D) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of protons between atoms, ionic bonds involve the sharing of neutrons between atoms.
E) Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, ionic bonds involve the sharing of neutrons between atoms.
32) What results from a transfer of electron(s) between atoms?
A) a nonpolar covalent bond
B) a polar covalent bond
C) an ionic bond
D) a hydrogen bond
E) a hydrophobic interaction
33) What is a van der Walls interaction?
a. The weak attraction between the electrons of one molecule and the electrons of a nearby molecule.
b. The weak attraction between the nucleus of one molecule and the electrons of a nearby molecule.
c. The weak attraction between a polar molecule and a nearby non-polar molecule.
d. The weak attraction between a polar molecule and a nearby molecule which is also polar.
e.The weak attraction between a nonpolar molecule and a nearby molecule which is also nonpolar.
34 In a single molecule of water, the two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by
A) hydrogen bonds.
B) nonpolar covalent bonds.
C) polar covalent bonds.
D) ionic bonds.
E) van der Waals interactions.
35 Which of the following is true when an ice cube cools a drink?
A) Molecule collisions in the drink increase.
B) Kinetic energy in the drink decreases.
C) A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drink.
D) The specific heat of the water in the drink decreases.
E) Evaporation of the water in the drink increases.
36) Which bonds must be broken for water to vaporize?
A) ionic bonds
B) nonpolar covalent bonds
C) polar covalent bonds
D) hydrogen bonds
E) covalent bonds
37) Why does ice float in liquid water?
A) The liquid water molecules have more kinetic energy and thus support the ice.
B) The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sinking.
C) Ice always has air bubbles that keep it afloat.
D) Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water.
E) The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water.
38) Which of the following solutions has the greatest concentration of hydroxide ions [OH-]?
A) lemon juice at pH 2
B) vinegar at pH 3
C) tomato juice at pH 4
D) urine at pH 6
E) seawater at pH 8
39) What property of water is responsible for water transport in plants?
A) moderation of temperature
B) insulation
C) its versatility as a solvent
D) cohesion
E) its role as a buffer
